What is Heart Attack???

Heart Attack

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Heart attack is the passing of a fragment of heart muscle created by the loss of blood supply. The blood supply is typically lost in light of the fact that a coronary vein, one that supplies blood to the heart muscle, has a blood coagulation, a blockage (coronary thrombosis). In the event that a percentage of the heart muscle bites the dust, the patient encounters mid-section torment and electrical insecurity of the heart muscle tissue. Different terms utilized for a heart assault incorporate myocardial localized necrosis, cardiovascular dead tissue and coronary thrombosis (Infarction = the procedure whereby a territory of dead tissue is created by lost blood supply).
Blood supply to the heart can likewise be undermined if the vein all of a sudden river, as in a fit.
As per the American Heart Association:

During a heart attack the heart muscle that loses its blood supply starts to suffer injury.
How much damage occurs depends on the size of the area that is supplied by the blocked artery, as well as the lapse in time between injury and treatment.
The damaged heart muscle heals by forming scar tissue. The healing process may take several weeks.
Despite severe injury to a part of the heart, the rest of the organ carries on working.
However, as part of the heart has been damaged, it will probably be weaker and will not pump as much blood as it used to.
With the right treatment and lifestyle changes, further damage can be prevented or limited.

Symptoms of a heart attack

The accompanying are signs and side effects for diagnosing a heart assault:

Coughing.
Nausea.
Vomiting.
Crushing chest pain (see comment above on "mild pain").
Dizziness.
Dyspnea (shortness of breath).
Face seems gray.
A feeling of terror that your life is coming to its end.
Feeling really awful (general feeling).
Restlessness.
The patient is clammy and sweaty.

Causes of a heart attack

The accompanying are conceivable variables connected with expanded danger of heart assault.

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1) Age

Age is the largest risk factor for heart attacks. When a man is over 45 years, and a woman is over 55 years of age, their risk of having a heart attack starts to rise significantly.

2) Angina

Angina is an ailment where insufficient oxygen is coming to the tolerant's heart. This raises the danger of a heart assault. Now and again a finding of angina wasn't right - it could have been a mellow heart assault. The primary distinction between a heart assault and angina is that the patient with angina will feel better around 15 to 30 minutes in the wake of taking drug, while the heart assault patient won't.

3) Blood cholesterol levels

In the event that a man's blood cholesterol levels are high, he/she runs a higher danger of creating blood clusters in the supply routes. Blood clumps can obstruct the supply of blood to the heart muscle, bringing on a heart assault.

4) Living close major roadways

Heart assault survivors who live close major thruways have a 27% higher danger of another heart assault inside of 10 years contrasted with survivors who live further away, scientists from the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center reported in the diary Circulation (May 2012 issue).

The scientists thought about heart assault survivors who lived inside 328 feet (100 meters) or less from a noteworthy interstate to their partners who inhabited slightest 3,280 feet (1,000 meters) away.

5) Diabetes

Individuals with diabetes have a higher danger of adding to a few infections and conditions, a number of them add to a higher danger of heart assault.

6) Diet

A man who expends huge amounts of, for instance, creature fats, or soaked fats, will inevitably have a higher danger of showing some kindness assault.

7) Gut microorganisms can bring about heart issues

The activity of microscopic organisms in the guts on specific mixes contained in processed sustenance, particularly lecithin, is connected to an expanded danger of heart assault and stroke, specialists from the Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, USA, reported in NEJM (New England Journal of Medicine (April 2013 issue). Eggs are rich in lecithin.

A developing number of studies have been proposing a connection between the activity of gut microscopic organisms and heart assault and stroke hazard.

In another study, distributed in Nature Medicine (April 2013 issue), researchers clarified that L-carnitine, a compound added to caffeinated beverages and found in red meat, may build heart hazard, on the grounds that gut microscopic organisms digest it and produce TMAO (trimethylamine-N-oxide). TMAO is a metabolite that specialists trust stops up the veins.

8) Genes

You can acquire a higher danger of heart assault from your folks, and/or their guardians. A man whose kin passed on of a heart assault has a higher danger of anguish a lethal heart assault, a report distributed in the Journal of the American Heart Association educated.

9) Heart surgery

Patients who have had heart surgery have a higher danger of showing some kindness assault.

10) Hypertension
This could be because of absence of physical movement, overweight/heftiness, diabetes, qualities, and some different components.

11) Obesity, overweight

As more individuals are overweight, particularly kids, specialists trust heart assaults will turn out to be more regular in future (if the overweight youngsters get to be overweight grown-ups).

12) Physical idleness

Individuals who don't practice have a much higher danger of showing at least a bit of kindness assault, contrasted with individuals who practice consistently.

13) Previous heart assault

Anyone who has as of now shown at least a bit of kindness assault will probably have another, contrasted with other individuals.

14) Smoking

Individuals who smoke vigorously or consistently run a much higher danger of heart assault, contrasted with individuals who never smoked and the individuals who surrendered. Smoking frequently means smoking each day.

15) Being HIV positive

Individuals who are HIV positive have a half higher danger of heart assault, specialists reported in JAMA Internal Medicine (March 2013 issue)

16) Work stress

On the off chance that you have an exceptionally requesting employment, very little opportunity to decide, i.e. work with a ton of anxiety, your danger of heart assault is higher-than-ordinary, specialists from University College London reported in The Lancet.

Movement work was likewise connected to a higher danger of heart assault, as per an examination that audited studies covering more than two million individuals.

17) Calcium supplements

A study distributed in the diary Heart (May 2012 issue), which broke down information on almost 24,000 individuals over a ten-year period, proposed that taking calcium supplements may raise the danger of heart assault.

Complications after a heart attack

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There are two types of complications, those that occur pretty much straight away, and those that happen afterwards.

Immediate complications

Arrhythmias - the heart beats irregularly, either too fast or too slowly. Patients may be given cardioversion - an electric current is passed through the heart. Most patients, with time, will return to regular rhythms. There are also medications for arrhythmias.
Cardiogenic shock - the patient's blood pressure suddenly drops dangerously. The heart cannot supply enough blood for the body to work adequately. The following drugs will raise blood pressure and heart functioning, Dopamine, Dobutamine, Epinephrine, and Norepinephrine.
Hypoxemia - levels of blood oxygen become too low.
Pulmonary edema - there is fluid accumulation in and around the lungs.
DVT (deep vein thrombosis) - the deep veins of the legs and pelvis develop blood clots which either block or interrupt the flow of blood in the vein.
Myocardial rupture - the heart attack damages the wall of the heart. This increases the risk of a heart wall rupture.
Ventricular aneurysm - one of the chambers (ventricles) of the heart forms a bulge.

Complications that can occur later

Aneurysm - scar tissue builds up on the damaged heart wall. This leads to blood clots, low blood pressure, and abnormal heart rhythms.
Angina - Not enough oxygen is reaching the heart. Symptoms may be similar to those of a heart attack, especially the chest pain.
Congestive heart failure - the heart can only beat very weakly. The patient feels exhausted and breathless.
Edema - fluid accumulates in the ankles and legs (they swell).
Future heart attacks - a person who has had a heart attack runs a higher risk of having another one, compared to other people.
Loss of erectile function - erectile dysfunction is generally caused by a vascular problem. However, it can also be the result of depression.
Loss of libido - this is especially the case with men.
Pericarditis - the lining of the heart becomes inflamed, causing serious chest pain.

Patients who comply with their doctors instructions have a much better chance of recovery than those who don't. It is important that the doctor monitor a heart attack patient for several months afterwards.

Minimizing your chances of having a heart attack

Don't smoke
Eat a balanced, healthy diet. A landmark Spanish study found that a Mediterranean diet reduces the incidence of heart attack, stroke and cardiovascular death among high-risk people.
Get plenty of exercise
Get plenty of good quality sleep
If you have diabetes, keep it under control
Keep your alcohol intake down
Keep your blood cholesterol at optimum levels
Keep your blood pressure at safe levels
Lose weight
Maintain a healthy body weight
Expose yourself to less stress
Learn how to manage stress
Flu vaccine - a team from the School of Public Health and Community Medicine in Australia say that the flu vaccine could halve the risk of heart attack in middle-aged individuals with narrowed arteries.